Rear admiral apochi suleiman, the commander, joint task force codenamed. Maritime aspects of illegal oilbunkering in the niger. Niger delta niger delta facts history of niger delta. Oil exploitation and conflict in the nigerdelta region of. In fact, it is estimated that oil production in nigeria runs at only two thirds of capacity because of theft, vandalism and violence in the niger delta. Image caption campaigners say there are 300 oil spills every year in the delta. Maritime aspects of illegal oilbunkering in the niger delta.
Introduction during military rule, which ended seven years ago, nigerias generals operated the niger delta oil industry as if it was their personal cash cow. The situation deteriorates, and international oil companies decide to end operations in the oilrich niger river delta, resulting in a loss of 800,000 barrels a day on the world market. Jul 20, 20 oil bunkering threatens nigerias economy, environment. Oil bunkering threatens nigerias economy, environment the. Why bunkering, kidnappings are back in niger delta. Comprehending national security in terms of sustainability development and livelihood, the paper seeks to establish the implications of oil. As a major supplier of oil, the conflicts surrounding. Oil exploitation and conflict in the niger delta region of nigeria 27 composed of thirty main streets very straight and 120 feet wide, apart from an infinity of small intersecting streets. Operation delta safe opds says no fewer than 300 illegal refineries have been destroyed in the ongoing operation. However, it is obvious that such bourgeois activity has not tangibly reflected upon the wellbeing of the people of niger delta, who are the immediate host to these. The importance, how to, effect causes relationship, comparison, history, role, solutions are discussed. This is approved for students in accountancy business computer science economics engineering arts. Oil exploration and poverty in the niger delta region of. The second is keeping a lid on violence in the oilproducing niger delta region so as to safeguard oil production the countrys only meaningful economic resource which underwrites the national economy.
There were few academicresearch publications on the geothermal gradient of niger delta and very few authors on the oil and gas windows in niger delta. Oil pollution in the niger delta global 3000 youtube. Pdf oil spill problems and management in the niger delta. Nov 12, 2012 nigeria is one of the countries with the largest reserves of crude oil worldwide. Pdf the nigerian state and crude oil bunkering in niger. Get free research paper on the effects of oil spillage in the niger delta a case study of ughelli south local government area of delta state project topics and materials in nigeria. The niger delta is the most important oil producing region in africa, with its oil providing 70 per cent of nigerias government revenue. In 1956, royal dutch shell discovered crude oil at oloibiri, a village in the niger delta, and commercial production began in 1958. The region is blessed with abundance of human and physical resources, including the majority of nigerias oil and. Maritime piracy on the rise in west africa combating.
Oil thefts, long a problem in the niger delta, are increasing at an everfaster rate despite government officials and international. The niger delta has witnessed an unprecedented level of insecurity in its waters as lakes, canals, rivers etc. Tertiary niger delta akataagbada petroleum system no. Social context of illegal oil bunkering and artisanal refining in the niger delta by ben naanen and patrick tolani technical report pdf available september 2014. Abstract this paper examines the nexus between oil pipeline vandalism and national security in nigeria. An estimate of oil window in nigeria niger delta basin. On top of the 349 spills in 2014, eni reported more than 500 oil spills in 20. Many nigerians perceive the niger delta as synonymous with the oil producing areas of nigeria. About 80 percent of the countrys income comes from the export of oil and natural gas. Oil bunkering holds a positive meaning in a general sense, but in the rich oil fields of the niger delta in west africa the term more often than not implies a criminal practice embedded in. Oil exploration and security challenges in the nigerdelta. This is the main reason why oil and gas extraction impact on the nigerdelta cannot be overemphasized as the dominant view blames the oil production and its.
Italian oil giant eni, which owns the nigerian agip oil company is a smaller player in the niger delta than shell and has received less attention. Home to 20 million people and 40 different ethnic groups, this floodplain makes up 7. The current conflict in the niger delta first arose in the early 1990s over tensions between foreign oil corporations and a number of the niger delta s minority ethnic groups who feel they are being exploited, particularly the ogoni and the ijaw. One is the falling global price of crude oil, the commodity that allows abuja to placate nigerias various fractious players. The trade, practice and economic implications 1990 2007 description. Crude oil related crimes have continued to rise in the niger delta despite efforts by the nations security agencies, including the joint task force. The niger delta is the delta of the niger river sitting directly on the gulf of guinea on the atlantic ocean in nigeria. Nigeria is the largest oil and gas producer in africa. Niger delta province, nigeria, cameroon, and equatorial guinea, africa by michele l.
Hundreds of oil spills continue to blight niger delta. Theres also largescale illegal bunkering in the field, in which intricate networks of criminals steal oil not only from the niger deltas swamps and shallow waters, but also ones on. Causes and cures of oilrelated niger delta conflicts. Feb, 2017 oil and violence in the niger delta isnt talked about much, but it has a global impact university of houston energy fellows contributor university of houston energy fellows. Impacts and management of oil spill pollution along the. In other words, the niger delta includes the states of abia, akwa ibom, bayelsa, cross river, delta, edo, imo, ondo and rivers. Pdf oil bunkering activities in the niger delta the way. Policy notes causes and cures of oil related niger delta conflicts february 2009 political and traditional elites who are clamouring for a greater share of oil revenues to embezzle, and fought by youths interested in sharing in payoffs from the state, oil companies, local elites, or tapping into the illicit gains from oil theft. Assessment of undiscovered petroleum in the tertiary niger delta. Oil bunkering threatens nigerias economy, environment. The exploration and development of the nigerian oil resource date back to the 1950s. Ethnic and political unrest has continued throughout the 1990s despite the conversion to democracy.
Available data shows that since 1989, shell petroleum development company spdc, one of the giant oil companies in the nigerdelta region has recorded an average of 221 oil spills peryear involving a total of 7,350 barrels spills annually spdc, 2000. Visitors to the nigerian village of kpor, deep in the niger delta, are greeted by strange sights. Opds, which comprises of members of the nigerian navy, army, police, nigeria security and civil defence corps and custom service personnel was designed to ensure the safety of lives and property in the niger delta but with the continued unabated illegal oil bunkering activities which has translated into the loss of lives and attendant revenue. Niger delta militants demand sack of jtf commander over oil. Oil pipeline vandalism in the niger delta and need, greed and grievance. One of the governors in the niger delta, the governor of delta state, emmanuel uduaghan, has claimed that anything happening in the niger delta today is linked to oil, and sustained by it, therefore something like illegal bunkering has a large international dimension to it.
Analysis of security challenges along commercial water. Nigeria is the largest oil producer in africa and the sixth largest in the world bello, 2017, producing an average of 2. Nigerian air force destroys barges and canoes in attempt to halt oil bunkering oil bunkering is common in the oilrich niger delta, where the government is trying to stop further violence. Aiteo not behind nigerian protests over illegal bunkering in. It is home to 20 million people and 40 different ethnic groupings. Oil and violence in the niger delta isnt talked about much.
Oil and violence in the niger delta isnt talked about much, but it has a global impact university of houston energy fellows contributor university of houston energy fellows. Oil pipeline vandalism and nigerias national security. Scope and methodology this study essentially focused on the. The area known as the niger delta, cover 20,000km2 within wetlands of 70,000km2, formed primarily by sediment deposition. Also see oil industry has brought poverty and pollution to niger delta, amnesty international, june 30, 2009. But the number of oil spills from its operations requires urgent action by both the nigerian and italian governments. The most productive region of the nation is the coastal niger delta basin in the niger delta or southsouth region which encompasses 78 of the 159 oil fields. Jun 04, 2012 oil bunkering undermining nigerian economy. Military involvement in oil theft in the niger delta. The region is characterised by high levels of poverty. Jtf destroys over 300 illegal refineries in niger delta.
The actors of illegal oil bunkering and oil theft in the niger delta factors engendering oil theft in the niger delta the socioeconomic and environmental impacts of oil theft the efforts of nigerian government to curb oil theft measures to combat oil thieves 3. An estimate of oil window in nigeria niger delta basin from. Why pipeline vandalism, crude oil theft, illegal refinery. The social conditions of the niger delta present a context and pretext for oil related crimes, among which is petroleum vandalism. This is the main reason why oil and gas extraction impact on the niger delta cannot be overemphasized as the dominant view blames the oil production and its attendant consequences for the declin. The upsurge of oil theft and illegal bunkering in the. Today, there are about 606 oil fields in the niger delta, of which 360 are onshore and 246 offshore. However, alongside the legitimate trade in the delta s oil products, there is a lucrative and organised illicit oil trade that reportedly loses nigeria 200,000 barrels of oil every day. Workers remove dead mangroves during the cleanup at the bodo site in rivers state, nigeria.
Militant groups in the niger delta source their funding from donations from politicians, ransom payments from kidnapping, security contracts and most importantly proceeds from illegal oil bunkering, which is widespread in the region. Opds, which comprises of members of the nigerian navy, army, police, nigeria security and civil defence corps and custom service personnel was designed to ensure the safety of lives and property in the nigerdelta but with the continued unabated illegal oil bunkering activities which has translated into the loss of lives and attendant revenue. Proven technology, environmentallysound practices and an unwavering commitment to best practices. Today, the niger delta region of nigeria has about 606 oil fields with 355 situated onshore. American journal of engineering research ajer eissn. American journal of engineering research ajer 2016 american. The coastal area of the niger delta is the home to oil explorations and exploitations in nigeria. A primer on nigerias oil bunkering council on foreign. No democratic dividend, human rights watch short report, october 2002, pp. T 2008 thesis titled oil bunkering in nigerias niger delta region 1990 20070, trend, practice and economic implication. It is typically considered to be located within nine coastal southern nigerian states, which include. Analysis of security challenges along commercial water routes. Oil spillages and gas flaring are common occurrences in nigerias oil industry. It was intended to survey the life threatening impacts of lost revenue occasioned by oil spillage and gas flaring activities of the oil and gas companies operating in the niger delta region of nigeria between 1979and 200 8.
A coalition of niger delta militants has called for the sack of apochi suleiman, commander of the joint task force jft, over his alleged involvement in oil bunkering. Oil and violence in the niger delta isnt talked about. Aiteo not behind nigerian protests over illegal bunkering. Nov 14, 2016 nigerian air force destroys barges and canoes in attempt to halt oil bunkering oil bunkering is common in the oil rich niger delta, where the government is trying to stop further violence. Research paper open access oil bunkering activities in the niger delta the way forward w w w. Jan 27, 2009 one is the falling global price of crude oil, the commodity that allows abuja to placate nigerias various fractious players. It is the largest wetland and maintains the thirdlargest drainage basin in africa. Niger delta militants demand sack of jtf commander over. Barely four years after niger delta militants denounced violence against the state and accepted an unconditional amnesty, the perpetrators of the twin evil of oil bunkering and kidnapping for. Oil bunkering undermining nigerian economy vanguard news.
Most of nigerias oil fields are small and scattered, and as of 1990, these small unproductive fields accounted for 62. Crude oil from the niger delta basin comes in two types. Nigerias first indigenous, independent and publiclyowned integrated oil and gas investment company. The key environmental issues in the niger delta of nigeria relate to its petroleum and industry. American journal of engineering research ajer 2016. The houses are close to one another, arranged in good order.
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